Shloka 1

Saṃsāra-cakra, Preta’s 12-day Transit to Yama, Re-embodiment, and Karma-Vipāka Catalog of Sins and Rebirths

Devanagari script

चतुर्विंशत्यधिकद्विशततमो ऽध्यायः सूत उवाच / आध्यात्मिकादितापांस्त्रीञ्ज्ञात्व संस्राचक्रवित् / उत्पन्नज्ञानवैराग्यः प्राप्नोत्यात्यन्तिकं लयम्

Transliteration

caturviṃśatyadhikadviśatatamo 'dhyāyaḥ sūta uvāca / ādhyātmikāditāpāṃstrīñjñātva saṃsrācakravit / utpannajñānavairāgyaḥ prāpnotyātyantikaṃ layam

Translation

يبدأ الفصل 225. قال سوتا: من عرف أنواع الآلام الثلاثة—وأولها الداخلي (آدهياتميكا)—وفهم عجلة السَّمْسارا، فإن من وُلدت فيه المعرفة والزهد/عدم التعلّق (ڤيراغيا) يبلغ الانحلال النهائي المطلق، أي التحرّر.

Word by Word

• चतुर्विंशत्यधिकद्विशततमः: the 224th
• चतुर्विंशत्यधिकद्विशततमः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चतुर्विंशति + अधिक + द्विशत + तम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; संख्यावाचक-समासः (ordinal): “द्विशततमः” (200th) + “चतुर्विंशत्यधिक” (with 24 added) → 224th; विशेषण “अध्यायः”

• अध्यायः: chapter
• अध्यायः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्याय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• सूतः: Sūta
• सूतः: Karta (Speaker/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• आध्यात्मिक: spiritual/internal
• आध्यात्मिक: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आध्यात्मिक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन; विशेषण “तापान्” (internal/spiritual)

• आदि: etc./and the like
• आदि: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आदि (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थे/आद्यार्थे (etc., beginning with)

• तापान्: afflictions
• तापान्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ताप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन

• त्रीन्: three
• त्रीन्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रि (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन; संख्यावाचक विशेषण “तापान्”

• ज्ञात्वा: having known
• ज्ञात्वा: Purvakala-kriya (Prior action/पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ज्ञा (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund) “having known”

• संसारचक्रवित्: knower of the cycle of saṃsāra
• संसारचक्रवित्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संसारचक्र + विद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; उपपद-तत्पुरुषः: “संसारचक्रं वेत्ति” इति (knower of the cycle of transmigration)

• उत्पन्नज्ञानवैराग्यः: one whose knowledge and dispassion have arisen
• उत्पन्नज्ञानवैराग्यः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्पन्न + ज्ञान + वैराग्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; बहुव्रीहिः—“यस्मिन् ज्ञानं वैराग्यं च उत्पन्ने स्तः” (one in whom knowledge and dispassion have arisen)

• प्राप्नोति: attains
• प्राप्नोति: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आप् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; उपसर्गः प्र-

• आत्यन्तिकम्: ultimate/absolute
• आत्यन्तिकम्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आत्यन्तिक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; विशेषण “लयम्”

• लयम्: dissolution/absorption
• लयम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

Speaker

Sūta

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Knowing the three tāpas (ādhyātmika, ādhibhautika, ādhidaivika) and the saṃsāra-cakra gives rise to jñāna and vairāgya, leading to atyantika laya (final liberation).

Vedantic Theme: Duḥkha-darśana as a spur to mumukṣutva; jñāna-vairāgya as proximate means; ‘laya’ read as mokṣa (cessation of bondage) rather than mere cosmic dissolution.

Application: Name and observe the three sources of distress in daily life; cultivate vairāgya by seeing their repetitive nature; commit to study, reflection, and steady practice.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Geographic Context

Type: assembly/śravaṇa-sabhā

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.225.2 (promise to explain saṃsāra-cakra from death onward); Garuda Purana 1.224.10-12 (cosmic dissolution/creation as backdrop for detachment)

Characters & Entities

• Sūta
• Saṃsāra

FAQs

What is the importance of the threefold suffering (tāpa-traya) in the Garuda Purana?

This verse frames liberation as beginning with clear insight into the three afflictions—inner, worldly, and divine/elemental—because recognizing their inevitability in saṃsāra generates the urgency for spiritual knowledge and detachment.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul toward liberation?

It presents a direct sequence: understand the mechanics of saṃsāra (the repeating cycle of birth and suffering) → knowledge (jñāna) arises → detachment (vairāgya) stabilizes → one reaches ‘ātyantika laya,’ the final cessation of bondage.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Observe how suffering arises from body-mind, environment, and uncontrollable forces; then cultivate study, reflection, and disciplined detachment—reducing compulsive desire and strengthening a liberation-oriented life.