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Shloka 3

Chandas-Nirṇaya: Āpīḍa to Gāthā—Pāda, Gaṇa, and Special Substitutions

Devanagari script

द्वितीये ऽष्टाक्षरैः पादे कलिका प्रथमेर्ऽकजे / लवली स्यात्तृतीये ऽथ पूर्ववच्चाष्ट काक्षरे / प्रोक्ता चामृतधारेयं चतुरष्टाक्षरे सति

Transliteration

dvitīye 'ṣṭākṣaraiḥ pāde kalikā prathamer'kaje / lavalī syāttṛtīye 'tha pūrvavaccāṣṭa kākṣare / proktā cāmṛtadhāreyaṃ caturaṣṭākṣare sati

Translation

إذا كانت البادا الثانية ذاتَ ثمانيةِ مقاطع، وكانت الأولى من نوع «Arkaja»، سُمّيت «Kalikā». وإذا كان الثالث كذلك سُمّيت «Lavalī». وإذا كانت البادات الأربع كلُّها ثمانيةَ المقاطع على النحو نفسه، أُعلِن ذلك الوزن «Amṛtadhārā» (سَيْلَ الرحيق).

Word by Word
द्वितीयेin the second
द्वितीये:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वितीय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; स्थानवाचक—‘in the second (pāda)’
अष्टाक्षरैःwith eight syllables
अष्टाक्षरैः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootअष्ट-अक्षर (प्रातिपदिक; अष्ट + अक्षर)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन; द्विगुसमासः (अष्ट अक्षराणि)
पादेin the quarter (pāda)
पादे:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootपाद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन
कलिका(a metrical form called) kalikā
कलिका:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकलिका (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
प्रथमेin the first
प्रथमे:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रथम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; ‘in the first (pāda)’
अर्कजेin (the pattern called) arkaja
अर्कजे:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअर्कज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; ‘arkaja’ as a technical qualifier (सम्बन्ध/विशेषण)
लवली(a metrical form called) lavalī
लवली:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootलवली (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
स्यात्should be/is to be
स्यात्:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√अस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्
तृतीयेin the third
तृतीये:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootतृतीय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन
अथthen/now
अथ:
Discourse particle (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, अनुक्रम/समुच्चयार्थक निपात
पूर्ववत्as before
पूर्ववत्:
Adverbial (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्ववत् (अव्यय/तद्धितान्त)
Formअव्यय, उपमान/अनुसरणार्थ—‘as before’
चand
च:
Connector (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)
अष्टeight
अष्ट:
Visheshana (Adjectival/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअष्ट (संख्या/प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययवत् संख्याशब्दः; (समासपूर्वपदत्वेन) ‘eight’
काक्षरेin the ‘ka’-syllable arrangement (technical)
काक्षरे:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootक-अक्षर (प्रातिपदिक; क + अक्षर)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषसमासः (क-नामकं अक्षरम्/अक्षरसमूहः)
प्रोक्ताis declared
प्रोक्ता:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-√वच् (धातु) → प्रोक्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त/PPP), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मणि—‘is declared’ (कलिका/लवली/अमृतधारा इत्यादि स्त्रीलिङ्गानुसार)
चand
च:
Connector (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)
अमृतधारा(a metrical form called) amṛtadhārā
अमृतधारा:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअमृत-धारा (प्रातिपदिक; अमृत + धारा)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषसमासः (अमृतस्य धारा)
इयम्this
इयम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
चतुरष्टाक्षरेin the forty-eight-syllable (scheme)
चतुरष्टाक्षरे:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootचतुर्-अष्ट-अक्षर (प्रातिपदिक; चतुर् + अष्ट + अक्षर)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; द्विगुसमासः (चतुरष्ट = 48; अष्टाक्षरसमूहाः)
सतिwhen/if (it) is
सति:
Adhikarana (Locative absolute/सति-सप्तमी)
TypeIndeclinable
Root√अस् (धातु) → सत् (कृदन्त)
Formसप्तमी-एकवचन, वर्तमानकृदन्त (शतृ/सत्) नपुंसकलिङ्ग; सति-सप्तमी (locative absolute)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (teaching Garuda/Vainateya)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Metre identification by syllable-count (aṣṭākṣara pāda) and pāda-position; nomenclature changes with which pāda bears the defining feature.

Vedantic Theme: Order (ṛta-like regularity) expressed through linguistic measure; completeness when all four quarters share the same measure.

Application: In scansion/composition: if the 2nd pāda is eight-syllabled with Arkaja-type 1st, label Kalikā; if the 3rd matches, Lavalī; if all four are eight-syllabled similarly, label Amṛtadhārā.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.211.2 (metre definition by pāda markers); Garuda Purana 1.211.4-5 (gaṇa sequences for further patterns)

Characters & Entities
V
Vishnu
G
Garuda

FAQs

This verse shows that the text also preserves technical rules of Sanskrit prosody, helping readers recite, transmit, and classify verses accurately by syllable-count and pāda-pattern.

It classifies metres by specifying which pāda(s) are eight-syllabled and by referencing a base pattern (Arkaja), then assigns traditional metre-names such as Kalikā, Lavalī, and Amṛtadhārā.

For students and reciters, it helps verify correct chanting and textual accuracy by checking syllable counts and recognising standard metre-types used in Purāṇic Sanskrit.

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