Shloka 20

Udara-roga Nidāna: Causes, Doṣa-Types, Spleen/Liver Enlargement, and Udakodara

Devanagari script

नीरातिवृद्धौ कठिनं शीतस्पर्शं गुरु स्थिरम् / त्रिदोषकोपने तैस्तैस्त्रिदोषजीनैतर्मलैः

Transliteration

nīrātivṛddhau kaṭhinaṃ śītasparśaṃ guru sthiram / tridoṣakopane taistaistridoṣajīnaitarmalaiḥ

Translation

إذا ازداد عنصر الماء إفراطًا صار الحال صلبًا، باردًا عند اللمس، ثقيلًا وثابتًا كأنه لا يتحرّك. وإذا هاجت الدوشات الثلاث، فبشوائب كلٍّ منها يُبتلى الجسد بعلّة ثلاثية الدوشا مع فضلاتٍ مرضيّة أخرى.

Word by Word

• नीर: water
• नीर: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नीर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन (neuter, nominative/accusative singular; compound-member)

• अति: excessively
• अति: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अति (अव्यय)
• Form: उपसर्ग/अव्यय (prefix/adverbial intensifier)

• वृद्धौ: in increase/augmentation
• वृद्धौ: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृद्धि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन (feminine, locative singular)

• कठिनम्: hard
• कठिनम्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कठिन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन (neuter, nominative/accusative singular)

• शीत: cold
• शीत: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शीत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन (neuter; compound-member)

• स्पर्शम्: touch/feel
• स्पर्शम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्पर्श (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन (masculine, nominative/accusative singular)

• गुरु: heavy
• गुरु: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गुरु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन (neuter, nominative/accusative singular)

• स्थिरम्: stable/immobile
• स्थिरम्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्थिर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन (neuter, nominative/accusative singular)

• त्रि: three
• त्रि: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: संख्यावाचक (numeral; compound-member)

• दोष: doṣa (humor)
• दोष: Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दोष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रातिपदिक (compound-member)

• कोपने: in the aggravation
• कोपने: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कोपन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन (neuter, locative singular); समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः: त्रिदोषस्य कोपने (in aggravation of the three doṣas)

• तैः: by those
• तैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, तृतीया, बहुवचन (instrumental plural)

• तैः: by those (various)
• तैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, तृतीया, बहुवचन (instrumental plural; पुनरुक्ति for emphasis)

• त्रि: three
• त्रि: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: संख्यावाचक (numeral; compound-member)

• दोष: doṣa
• दोष: Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दोष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रातिपदिक (compound-member)

• जीन: caused by
• जीन: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जीन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक (compound-member; 'produced/caused')

• इतर: other
• इतर: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: इतर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक (compound-member)

• मलैः: by impurities/wastes
• मलैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन (instrumental plural); समासः कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुष-समाहारः: त्रिदोषजीन-इतर-मलैः (by impurities caused by the three doṣas and other [impurities])

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (teaching Garuda/Vinatā-putra)

Medical Ayurveda

Dosha: Kapha

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Maintaining bodily equilibrium (doṣa-sāmya) by recognizing signs of elemental/doṣic excess; disorder arises from impurity and imbalance.

Vedantic Theme: Deha as prakṛti-vikāra; discernment (viveka) between Self and bodily states supports steadiness.

Application: Notice kapha-like signs (heaviness, cold touch, immobility) and early tri-doṣa aggravation; adopt balancing diet, routine, and timely treatment rather than neglect.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.161 (Ayurveda/roga-nidāna section); Garuda Purana 1.160–1.162 (doṣa, dhātu, mala discussions—contextual)

Characters & Entities

• Vishnu
• Garuda
• Tridosha

FAQs

What is the importance of ‘nīrātivṛddhi’ (excess watery increase) in this verse?

It signals a heavy, cold, rigid state—indicating a fluid-dominant imbalance that helps identify the nature of the disorder and its management.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

It does not describe Yama’s realm or preta states; instead, it frames embodied life as governed by doṣa and mala—knowledge that supports dharmic living through health and restraint.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

If heaviness, coldness, rigidity, and sluggishness dominate, reduce aggravating habits (overeating, inactivity, cold/heavy foods) and seek doṣa-appropriate guidance.