Shloka 21

Arśa-nidāna: Causes, Prodrome, Doṣa-types, and Complications of Hemorrhoids

Devanagari script

एतान्येव विवर्धन्ते जातेष्वहतनामसु / निवर्तमानो मानो हि तैरधोमार्गरोधतः

Transliteration

etānyeva vivardhante jāteṣvahatanāmasu / nivartamāno māno hi tairadhomārgarodhataḥ

Translation

هذه الأشياء تزداد عندما يولد الكائنات بأسماء غير مسموعة؛ لأن كبرياء المرء، عند عودته، يتم كبحه بواسطتها، لأنها تعيق المسار الهابط.

Word by Word

• एतानि: these (things)
• एतानि: Karta (Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• एव: indeed / only
• एव: Sambandha (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: निश्चय/अवधारणार्थक अव्यय (emphatic particle)

• विवर्धन्ते: increase / grow
• विवर्धन्ते: Kriyā (Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + वर्ध् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन; आत्मनेपद

• जातेषु: when arisen / in those born
• जातेषु: Adhikaraṇa (Location/condition)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जात (कृदन्त, क्त; √जन्)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, सप्तमी (7th), बहुवचन; भूतकृदन्त used adjectivally

• अहत: unstruck / uninjured
• अहत: Viśeṣaṇa (in compound)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ + हत (कृदन्त, क्त; √हन्)
• Form: समासपूर्वपद; ‘अनाहत’ अर्थे

• नामसु: in the names / in name(s)
• नामसु: Adhikaraṇa (Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नामन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), बहुवचन

• अहतनामसु: in (those) with uninjured/untouched names
• अहतनामसु: Adhikaraṇa (Condition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहत + नामसु (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, बहुवचन; कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुष: ‘अहतानि नामानि’ (uninjured/untouched names)

• जातेषु-अहतनामसु: when they arise in those with untouched names
• जातेषु-अहतनामसु: Adhikaraṇa (Condition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जातेषु + अहतनामसु (पदसमुच्चय)
• Form: सप्तमी-बहुवचन द्वयम्; सप्तमीसप्तमी-संबन्धः (locative absolute-like condition)

• निवर्तमानः: turning back / being obstructed
• निवर्तमानः: Karta (Agent) / Viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नि + वृत् (धातु) → निवर्तमान (कृदन्त, शतृ)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; वर्तमानकृदन्त

• मानः: pride / (here) vital force/measure (contextual)
• मानः: Karta (Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• हि: indeed / for
• हि: Sambandha (Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: हेतौ/निश्चये अव्यय (particle: for/indeed)

• तैः: by them
• तैः: Karaṇa (Instrument/agentive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, तृतीया (3rd), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• अधः: downward
• अधः: Viśeṣaṇa (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अधः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; दिशावाचक/क्रियाविशेषण (adverb of direction)

• मार्ग: path / passage
• मार्ग: Sambandha (in compound)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मार्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासमध्यपद

• रोधतः: due to obstruction
• रोधतः: Hetu (Cause)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: रोध (प्रातिपदिक; √रुध् से भाव)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th), एकवचन; अव्ययीभावे प्रयोगः—‘रोधतः’ = ‘रोधकारणात्’ (due to obstruction)

• अधोमार्गरोधतः: due to blockage of the downward passage
• अधोमार्गरोधतः: Hetu (Cause)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अधः + मार्ग + रोधतः (समास/सन्धि)
• Form: पञ्चमी-प्रयोगः; तत्पुरुष: ‘अधोमार्गस्य रोधतः’ (due to obstruction of the downward passage)

Speaker

Lord Viṣṇu (in discourse to Garuḍa/Vainateya)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Afflictions function as a corrective to māna (pride), forcing inward turning and recognition of limitation.

Vedantic Theme: ahaṅkāra-nigraha (subduing ego) and vairagya through duhkha

Application: Use setbacks and illness to cultivate humility, patience, and inquiry into the self beyond the body; reduce ego-driven pursuits.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: repeated motif that suffering restrains arrogance and redirects the jiva (thematic)

Characters & Entities

• Viṣṇu
• Garuḍa

FAQs

What is the importance of māna (pride) in the Garuda Purana?

This verse treats pride as a force that gets “checked” through obstructive consequences, implying that arrogance itself becomes a cause of decline and suffering unless restrained by dharmic awareness.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul or moral trajectory?

By speaking of an “adhaḥ-mārga” (downward path), it frames ethical and spiritual life as directional: ego-driven tendencies push one toward decline, while obstacles and reversals can serve as corrective checks.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Watch for pride in speech and conduct; cultivate humility, accountability, and dharmic self-restraint so that ego does not lead to harmful choices and a downward moral trajectory.