Shloka 15

Jvara-Nidāna-Lakṣaṇa: Causes, Doṣic Types, Āma/Nirāma Stages, and Prognosis of Fever

Devanagari script

सस्वनौ सरुजौ कर्णौ महाशीतौ हि नैव वा / परिदग्धा खरा जिह्वा गुरुस्त्रस्ताङ्गसन्धिता

Transliteration

sasvanau sarujau karṇau mahāśītau hi naiva vā / paridagdhā kharā jihvā gurustrastāṅgasandhitā

Translation

تطنّ الأذنان وتؤلمان؛ ويغشاهما بردٌ شديد (ولا راحة). ويشعر اللسان كأنه مُحترقٌ خشن، وتغدو مفاصل الأطراف ثقيلةً مرتجفة.

Word by Word

• सस्वनौ: ringing/noisy
• सस्वनौ: Visheshana (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स + स्वन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), द्विवचन; बहुव्रीहिः—‘स्वनः (नादः) अस्ति ययोः’

• सरुजौ: painful
• सरुजौ: Visheshana (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स + रुज्/रुजा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), द्विवचन; बहुव्रीहिः—‘रुजा (वेदना) अस्ति ययोः’

• कर्णौ: the two ears
• कर्णौ: Karta (Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), द्विवचन

• महाशीतौ: very cold
• महाशीतौ: Visheshana (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महाशीत (प्रातिपदिक; महा + शीत)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), द्विवचन; ‘कर्णौ’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• हि: indeed
• हि: Sambandha (Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निश्चयार्थक/हेत्वर्थक-निपात

• न: not
• न: Pratishedha (Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निषेध-निपात

• एव: at all
• एव: Sambandha (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारणार्थक-निपात

• वा: or
• वा: Sambandha (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; विकल्पार्थक-निपात

• परिदग्धा: scorched/burnt
• परिदग्धा: Visheshana (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परि + √दह् (धातु) + क्त (दग्ध)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त—‘परितः दग्धा’

• खरा: rough/harsh
• खरा: Visheshana (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: खर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; ‘जिह्वा’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• जिह्वा: tongue
• जिह्वा: Karta (Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जिह्वा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• गुरुः: heavy
• गुरुः: Visheshana (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गुरु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; ‘जिह्वा’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम् (स्त्रीलिङ्गे ‘गुरुः’ इति वैदिक/छान्दस-प्रयोगः)

• त्रस्ता: trembling
• त्रस्ता: Visheshana (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रस्त (प्रातिपदिक; √त्रस् (धातु) + क्त)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; ‘जिह्वा’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्—‘कम्पिता/भीता’

• अङ्गसन्धिता: affecting the joints/limb-joints
• अङ्गसन्धिता: Visheshana (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अङ्ग + सन्धि + त (प्रातिपदिक; √धा (धातु) + क्त/त)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः—‘अङ्गानां सन्धिषु (वा) स्थित/निहिता’ इत्यर्थे

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Naraka

Medical Ayurveda

Dosha: Vata

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Karmic retribution can target sensory faculties and speech-related organ (tongue), implying moral causality tied to hearing/speaking and bodily action.

Vedantic Theme: Indriya-nigraha: uncontrolled senses lead to bondage; suffering mirrors prior misuse of faculties.

Application: Practice truthful, non-harmful speech; avoid slander and harsh words; cultivate sense-restraint and devotional recitation to purify vāg-indriya.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: bibhatsa

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa: indriya-specific torments and bodily heaviness (1.147 sequence)

FAQs

What is the importance of describing such bodily pains in the Garuda Purana?

This verse highlights the karmic suffering experienced in the post-death condition, motivating dharmic living and proper rites that are traditionally said to aid and steady the departed.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul after death?

It depicts the distressing sensory-like experiences of the subtle/preta condition—ringing ears, cold, scorched tongue, trembling joints—used in the text to portray the hardships of the journey after death.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Live ethically to reduce harmful karma, and if following tradition, perform remembrance and śrāddha/charity with sincerity as acts of support and responsibility toward ancestors.