Shloka 10

Kārtika Vrata, Bhīṣma-pañcaka, and Ekādaśī Timing

Tithi & Pāraṇa Rules

Devanagari script

गोमूत्रं च दधि क्षीरं पञ्चमे पञ्चगव्यकम् / नक्तं कुर्यात्पञ्चदश्यां व्रती स्याद्भुक्तिमुक्तिभाक्

Transliteration

gomūtraṃ ca dadhi kṣīraṃ pañcame pañcagavyakam / naktaṃ kuryātpañcadaśyāṃ vratī syādbhuktimuktibhāk

Translation

ينبغي أن يتناول بولَ البقرة واللبنَ الرائبَ (دَدهي) والحليبَ، وفي اليوم الخامس يتناول «بانتشاغافيا» (pañcagavya). ومن حافظ على النذر فليأكل ليلًا فقط في التيثي الخامس عشر؛ فمثل هذا الناذر ينال لذّة الدنيا ونيلَ التحرّر (موكشا) معًا.

Word by Word

• गोमूत्रम्: cow-urine
• गोमूत्रम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक) + मूत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd case), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (गोः मूत्रम्)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• दधि: curd, yogurt
• दधि: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दधि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• क्षीरम्: milk
• क्षीरम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षीर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• पञ्चमे: on the fifth (day)
• पञ्चमे: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पञ्चम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th case), एकवचन; विशेषणरूपेण (locative: 'on the fifth')

• पञ्चगव्यकम्: the fivefold cow-products (pañcagavya)
• पञ्चगव्यकम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पञ्च (प्रातिपदिक) + गव्यक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; द्विगु-समासः (पञ्च गव्यकानि यस्मिन्/समूहः)

• नक्तम्: at night
• नक्तम्: Kriya-vishesana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नक्तम् (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: at night)

• कुर्यात्: should do/perform
• कुर्यात्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष? actually तृतीयपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; आदेश/विधानार्थे

• पञ्चदश्याम्: on the fifteenth (tithi)
• पञ्चदश्याम्: Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पञ्चदशी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th case), एकवचन; तिथिवाचक (on the fifteenth day)

• व्रती: a vow-observer
• व्रती: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्रतिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन

• स्यात्: would be/should become
• स्यात्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद, तृतीयपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन

• भुक्तिमुक्तिभाक्: a partaker of enjoyment and liberation
• भुक्तिमुक्तिभाक्: Karta-predicative (Predicate nominative/कर्तृसमाना)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भुक्ति (प्रातिपदिक) + मुक्ति (प्रातिपदिक) + भाज् (धातु) → भाक् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; भाक् = 'भागी' (agent-noun from √भाज्); भुक्ति-मुक्ति इति द्वन्द्वः (भुक्तिं च मुक्तिं च)

Speaker

Lord Viṣṇu (in instruction to Garuḍa/Vinatā-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Vrata with purity-observances (pancagavya) and regulated eating (naktabhojana) yields both worldly well-being and liberation.

Vedantic Theme: Sattva-shuddhi as a support for bhakti and jnana; karma (vrata) becomes a means when offered in a Vishnu-oriented frame.

Application: Undertake a regulated vow: maintain purity disciplines, take food only at night on the specified tithi, and keep the practice consistent with devotion and restraint.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana (Preta/Acara sections): vrata-phala passages praising Ekadashi and purity observances; Garuda Purana: shraddha/achara discussions where shauca and niyama are prerequisites for rites

FAQs

What is the importance of pañcagavya in the Garuda Purana?

This verse presents pañcagavya as a purificatory observance within a vrata framework, used to support ritual cleanliness and spiritual merit leading toward higher results.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

Rather than describing post-death stages, it teaches dharmic discipline—purification and regulated eating—as a means to accumulate merit that supports both prosperity (bhukti) and liberation (mukti).

Practical application of this wisdom today?

It emphasizes disciplined restraint and ritual purity; in practice, one can adopt ethically grounded fasting/self-control on sacred days and keep observances aligned with one’s tradition and guidance.