Shloka 43

Sat-saṅga, Dharma-Nīti, Karma-Phala, Śauca, and Vairāgya

Overcoming Grief

Devanagari script

दरिद्रस्य मनुष्यस्य प्राज्ञस्य मधुरस्य च / काले श्रुत्वा हितं वाक्यं न कश्चित्परितुष्यति

Transliteration

daridrasya manuṣyasya prājñasya madhurasya ca / kāle śrutvā hitaṃ vākyaṃ na kaścitparituṣyati

Translation

حتى إذا سُمِعت في أوانها كلماتٌ نافعة، فلا أحد يرضى تمامًا—سواء كان المرء فقيرًا، أو حكيمًا، أو عذبَ اللسان.

Word by Word

• दरिद्रस्य: of a poor (man)
• दरिद्रस्य: Sambandha (Qualifier in genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दरिद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive/6th), एकवचन; विशेषण (of मनुष्यस्य)

• मनुष्यस्य: of a man
• मनुष्यस्य: Sambandha (Possessor/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनुष्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive/6th), एकवचन

• प्राज्ञस्य: of a wise (man)
• प्राज्ञस्य: Sambandha (Qualifier in genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्राज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive/6th), एकवचन; विशेषण (of मनुष्यस्य)

• मधुरस्य: of a sweet-spoken (man)
• मधुरस्य: Sambandha (Qualifier in genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मधुर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive/6th), एकवचन; विशेषण (of मनुष्यस्य)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Conjunction/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• काले: at the proper time
• काले: Adhikarana (Location/Time/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative/7th), एकवचन; कालाधिकरण

• श्रुत्वा: having heard
• श्रुत्वा: Purvakala-kriya (Prior action/पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: √श्रु (धातु) → श्रुत्वा (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्यय (absolutive/gerund)

• हितम्: beneficial
• हितम्: Karma (Object qualifier/कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हित (प्रातिपदिक; √धा with hi- sense, or adjectival)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन; विशेषण (of वाक्यम्)

• वाक्यम्: statement; words
• वाक्यम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाक्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (Negation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय (negative particle)

• कश्चित्: anyone
• कश्चित्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कश्चित् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचन; अनिश्चित-सर्वनाम (indefinite pronoun)

• परितुष्यति: is satisfied; becomes content
• परितुष्यति: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √तुष् (धातु) + परि (उपसर्ग)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन, परस्मैपद

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (addressing Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Even timely, beneficial speech may not please others; satisfaction depends on the listener’s inner state, not merely the speaker’s virtue or status.

Vedantic Theme: Recognition of rāga-dveṣa and the restless mind (aśānti) as the root of discontent; encourages vairāgya and non-attachment to outcomes of one’s counsel.

Application: Offer advice without craving approval; choose the right audience; speak hita-vākya with humility; accept that others’ reactions are not fully controllable.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana (Ācāra/Dharma): teachings on hita-vākya, satya with priya, and the limits of persuasion

FAQs

What is the importance of timely, beneficial speech in the Garuda Purana?

This verse highlights that even well-timed, welfare-oriented advice may not please people, reminding one to speak dharmic truth without attachment to immediate approval.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul in the Garuda Purana?

Indirectly, it points to a common obstacle—human dissatisfaction and resistance to good counsel—which can lead to continued adharma and thereby shape karmic outcomes discussed throughout the Preta Kanda.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Offer advice with compassion and timing, but don’t measure truth by popularity; cultivate receptivity and gratitude when hearing counsel meant for your welfare.