Shloka 17

Nīti-Upadeśa: Discernment, Proper Use of Resources, and Social Strategy

न सदश्वः कशाघातं सिंहो न गजगर्जितम् / वीरो वा परनिर्दिष्टं न सहेद्भीमनिः स्वनम्

na sadaśvaḥ kaśāghātaṃ siṃho na gajagarjitam / vīro vā paranirdiṣṭaṃ na sahedbhīmaniḥ svanam

الفرس الأصيل لا يحتمل ضربة السوط، والأسد لا يطيق زئير الفيل. وكذلك البطل الحقّ لا يرضى أن يُشار إليه بأنه «تابعٌ لغيره»، ولا يحتمل صياحًا مُرعبًا مُهينًا.

not
:
Sambandha (Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध
सत्good
सत्:
Visheshana (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootसत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन (अश्वः इति विशेष्यस्य विशेषणम्; 'good')
अश्वःhorse
अश्वः:
Karta (Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन
कशाwhip
कशा:
Sambandha (Genitive relation within compound)
TypeNoun
Rootकशा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन (stem in compound; 'whip')
आघातम्blow/strike
आघातम्:
Karma (Object)
TypeNoun
Rootआघात (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-एकवचन
कशाघातम्a whip-blow
कशाघातम्:
Karma (Object)
TypeNoun
Rootकशा + आघात (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-एकवचन; कशाया आघातः (whip-strike)
सिंहःlion
सिंहः:
Karta (Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootसिंह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन
not
:
Sambandha (Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध
गजelephant
गज:
Sambandha (Genitive relation within compound)
TypeNoun
Rootगज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन (stem in compound; 'elephant')
गर्जितम्roaring
गर्जितम्:
Karma (Object)
TypeNoun
Rootगर्जित (कृदन्त; गर्ज् धातु, क्त)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-एकवचन (sound/roar as noun)
गजगर्जितम्elephant-roaring
गजगर्जितम्:
Karma (Object)
TypeNoun
Rootगज + गर्जित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-एकवचन; गजस्य गर्जितम् (elephant-roar)
वीरःhero/brave man
वीरः:
Karta (Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootवीर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन
वाor
वा:
Sambandha (Conjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय/विकल्पार्थक-निपात (or)
परother
पर:
Sambandha (Genitive relation within compound)
TypeAdjective
Rootपर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन (stem in compound; 'other')
निर्दिष्टम्indicated/uttered
निर्दिष्टम्:
Visheshana (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्दिष्ट (कृदन्त; नि+दिश् धातु, क्त)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-एकवचन (स्वनम् इति विशेष्यस्य विशेषणम्; 'pointed out/mentioned')
परनिर्दिष्टम्spoken by another
परनिर्दिष्टम्:
Visheshana (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootपर + निर्दिष्ट (कृदन्त)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-एकवचन; परेण निर्दिष्टम् (indicated by another)
not
:
Sambandha (Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध
सहेत्should endure/tolerate
सहेत्:
Kriya (Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootसह् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
भीमterrible
भीम:
Sambandha (Genitive relation within compound)
TypeAdjective
Rootभीम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन (stem in compound; 'terrible')
निःस्वनम्sound
निःस्वनम्:
Karma (Object)
TypeNoun
Rootनिःस्वन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-एकवचन (sound)
भीमनिःस्वनम्a dreadful sound
भीमनिःस्वनम्:
Karma (Object)
TypeNoun
Rootभीम + निःस्वन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-एकवचन; भीमः निःस्वनः (a terrible sound)

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Concept: Noble beings resist degrading treatment; a 'vira' preserves autonomy and honor, refusing humiliating labels and intimidation.

Vedantic Theme: Dharma as alignment with one’s svadharma and inner dignity; managing rajas (valor) without falling into adharma.

Application: Set boundaries against humiliation and coercion; protect personal integrity; avoid environments that normalize degradation.

Primary Rasa: vira

Secondary Rasa: raudra

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.110 (niti on avoiding the wicked, preserving dignity, steadfastness)

FAQs

This verse frames honor as a dharmic quality: the ‘vīra’ is portrayed as one who cannot tolerate humiliation or being treated as another’s possession, emphasizing inner dignity and steadfastness.

Indirectly, it teaches the mindset of courage and self-command valued in dharma; such virtues support right conduct, which the Garuda Purana repeatedly links to one’s post-death outcomes through karma.

Cultivate self-respect without cruelty: avoid degrading dependence, stand firm against intimidation, and choose dharmic actions that preserve dignity—for yourself and others.