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Shloka 30

Varṇāśrama-ācāra, Aśauca (Sūtaka) Regulations, and Prāyaścitta with Funeral-Rite Notes

Devanagari script

पञ्चस्वापत्सु नारीणां पतिरन्यो विधीयते / भर्त्रा सहमृता नारी रोमाब्दानि वसेद्दिवि

Transliteration

pañcasvāpatsu nārīṇāṃ patiranyo vidhīyate / bhartrā sahamṛtā nārī romābdāni vaseddivi

Translation

في خمس صور من الشدائد تُؤمَر المرأة بأن تتخذ زوجًا آخر. أمّا المرأة التي تموت مع زوجها فتقيم في السماء عددًا من السنين بقدر عدد شعيرات الجسد.

Word by Word
पञ्चसुin five
पञ्चसु:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्चन् (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), बहुवचन; संख्यावाचक-विशेषण (loc. pl.)
आपत्सुin calamities/emergencies
आपत्सु:
Adhikarana (Location/Condition/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootआपद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), बहुवचन (fem. loc. pl.)
नारीणाम्of women
नारीणाम्:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootनारी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन (fem. gen. pl.)
पतिःhusband
पतिः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन (masc. nom. sg.)
अन्यःanother
अन्यः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषण (masc. nom. sg.)
विधीयतेis prescribed/appointed
विधीयते:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootधा (धातु)
Formलट् (present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोग (passive), आत्मनेपद (is ordained/appointed)
भर्त्राwith/by the husband
भर्त्रा:
Sahakaraka/Instrument (with/by/सह-करण)
TypeNoun
Rootभर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन (masc. instr. sg.)
सहtogether with
सह:
Sambandha (Association/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; सहार्थक-उपसर्गवत्/निपात (with)
मृताdead (having died)
मृता:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootमृत (मृ-धातोः क्त, कृदन्त)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (PPP)
नारीwoman
नारी:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootनारी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन (fem. nom. sg.)
रोमाब्दानिyears equal to (the number of) hairs
रोमाब्दानि:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootरोम (प्रातिपदिक) + अब्द (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन; समासः—रोम्णाम् अब्दानि (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष)
वसेत्should dwell
वसेत्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद (should dwell)
दिविin heaven
दिवि:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootदिव्/द्यौ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन (fem. loc. sg.)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda / Vinatā-putra)

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Svarga

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Āpaddharma permits remarriage in five calamities; alternatively, co-death with husband yields immense svarga merit.

Vedantic Theme: Karma-phala proportionality and the tension between worldly duty (survival/order) and idealized fidelity narratives.

Application: Recognize that dharma texts often contain both pragmatic exceptions and idealized exemplars; apply the pragmatic rule in real calamity, and treat the reward claim as value-signaling within its tradition.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Geographic Context

Type: realm

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.107 (women’s dharma/āpaddharma context)

FAQs

This verse applies āpaddharma to marriage: in specified severe calamities, normal marital rules are relaxed and remarriage is permitted, showing that dharma adapts to preserve life and social order.

It links a specific act (dying together with one’s husband) with a stated post-death result—residence in heaven—presenting karma-phala (fruit of action) as a determinant of afterlife experience.

Read it as a reminder that dharma includes compassionate exceptions in crises, and that ethical intention and duty-oriented living are treated as spiritually consequential.

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