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Shloka 5

Vānaprastha-Dharma: Forest Discipline, Vows, Seasonal Tapas, and Equanimity

Devanagari script

कृतं त्यजेदाश्वयुजे युञ्जेत्कालं व्रतादिना / पक्षे मासे थवाश्नीयाद्दन्तोलूखलिको भवेत्

Transliteration

kṛtaṃ tyajedāśvayuje yuñjetkālaṃ vratādinā / pakṣe māse thavāśnīyāddantolūkhaliko bhavet

Translation

في شهر آشوَيُجَ (Āśvayuja) ينبغي تركُ «كṛta» أي الطعام المُعَدّ أو المُعالَج، وتكريسُ الوقت للانضباط بمثل النذور والورع (vrata). ولمدّة نصف شهر—بل حتى شهر كامل—ليأكلْ قليلًا وببساطة؛ فيصير كـ«دنتولُوخَليكا»، من يعيش على قوتٍ أدنى كأنه لا يُطحن إلا بالأسنان.

Word by Word
कृतम्what is done / prepared (kṛta)
कृतम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकृत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन — Neuter, Accusative (2nd), Singular
त्यजेत्should abandon
त्यजेत्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद — Optative, 3rd person, Singular, Parasmaipada
आश्वयुजेin the month Āśvayuja
आश्वयुजे:
Adhikarana (Time-location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootआश्वयुज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (अधिकरण), एकवचन — Masculine, Locative (7th), Singular
युञ्जेत्should employ/undertake
युञ्जेत्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootयुज् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, आत्मनेपद — Optative, 3rd person, Singular, Atmanepada
कालम्time, period
कालम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकाल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन — Masculine, Accusative (2nd), Singular
व्रतvow, observance
व्रत:
Sambandha (Instrumental-relation within compound/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootव्रत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रातिपदिक (समासाङ्ग) — neuter stem used as compound member
आदिand the like
आदि:
Sambandha (Etc./सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआदि (प्रातिपदिक/अव्ययवत्)
Formसमासान्त-प्रयोगे अव्ययीभावार्थक ‘आदि’ — indeclinable-like ‘etc.’ used in compound
व्रतादिनाby vows and the like
व्रतादिना:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootव्रत + आदि (समास)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (व्रत-आदि), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण), एकवचन — Instrumental (3rd) Singular
पक्षेin a fortnight
पक्षे:
Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootपक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (अधिकरण), एकवचन — Masculine, Locative (7th), Singular
मासेin a month
मासे:
Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootमास (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (अधिकरण), एकवचन — Masculine, Locative (7th), Singular
थवाor (variant reading)
थवा:
Sambandha (Disjunction/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootथवा (अव्यय)
Formपाठदोष/दुर्लभ-अव्यय; सम्भाव्यं ‘अथवा’ (विकल्पार्थक) — likely variant of ‘athavā’ (or)
अश्नीयात्should eat
अश्नीयात्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअश् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, आत्मनेपद — Optative, 3rd person, Singular, Atmanepada
दन्तtooth
दन्त:
Visheshana (Qualifier within compound/विशेषण)
TypeNoun
Rootदन्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रातिपदिक (समासाङ्ग) — masculine stem used as compound member
उलूखलिक(one who uses) a mortar; ‘ulūkhala’ related
उलूखलिक:
Visheshya (Head within compound/विशेष्य)
TypeNoun
Rootउलूखलिक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रातिपदिक (समासाङ्ग) — masculine stem used as compound member
दन्तोलूखलिकःa ‘dantolūkhālika’ (ascetic practice term)
दन्तोलूखलिकः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootदन्त + उलूखलिक (समास)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular
भवेत्should become
भवेत्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद — Optative, 3rd person, Singular, Parasmaipada
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Seasonal vrata and āhāra-niyama: relinquishing prepared/processed foods and adopting controlled intake to strengthen tapas and reduce sense-indulgence.

Vedantic Theme: Indriya-nigraha (sense restraint) and vairāgya as supports for sattva and inner clarity.

Application: Adopt periodic dietary simplification (e.g., fortnightly/monthly), reduce ultra-processed foods, and pair restraint with ethical vows (truthfulness, non-harm, moderation).

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: ritual calendar period

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.102.6 (Cāndrāyaṇa and seasonal tapas); Garuda Purana 1.102.3-4 (discipline and regulated living)

Characters & Entities
V
Vishnu
G
Garuda
Ā
Āśvayuja (Āśvina month)

FAQs

This verse prescribes giving up richer/processed foods and adopting vrata-based discipline in Āśvayuja, emphasizing purification and self-control through simplified eating.

It frames dharma as practical self-regulation—time-bound vows, controlled diet, and austerity—used to cultivate inner steadiness and religious merit.

During a chosen sacred period (e.g., Āśvina), reduce indulgent foods, keep a simple diet, and pair it with a consistent vow (japa, charity, or restraint) to strengthen discipline.

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