Mantra 4

Sukta 51

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

शतानीका हेतयो अस्य दुष्टरा इन्द्रस्य समिषो महीः । गिरिर्न भुज्मा मघवत्सु पिन्वते यदीं सुता अमन्दिषुः

IAST Transliteration

śatānī́kā hetáyo asya duṣṭárā índrasya samī́ṣo mahī́ḥ | girír na bhujmā́ maghávatsu pinvate yád īṃ sutā́ amándiṣuḥ

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Hundredfold are his missiles, hard to be withstood—Indra’s great impellings unto might. Like a compact mountain he swells among the liberal, when the pressed draughts have made him glad.

Translation

مِئَةُ ضِعفٍ هي مقاذيفُه، عسيرةُ الدَّفع—دفعاتُ إندرا (Indra) العُظمى إلى القوّة. كجبلٍ مُتماسكٍ ينتفخُ بين الكرماء، حين تُفرِحُه الأشربةُ المعصورة (سُوما Soma).

Word by Word

• शतानिकाः: (they) of a hundred faces/points; hundred-fold (hosts)
• शतानिकाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: शतानिक (प्रातिपदिक)

• हेतयः: missiles, weapons
• हेतयः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: हेति (प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्य: of him/this (i.e., of Indra)
• अस्य: Sambandha (genitive)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• दुष्टराः: hard to overcome, irresistible
• दुष्टराः: Kartā (विशेषणम् of हेतयः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुष्टर (प्रातिपदिक; दुस् + √तॄ/तॄ? → ‘to cross’, ‘hard to overcome’)

• इन्द्रस्य: of Indra
• इन्द्रस्य: Sambandha (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• समिषः: impulses/instigations; onsets (of might)
• समिषः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: समिष् (प्रातिपदिक)

• महीः: great, mighty
• महीः: Kartā (विशेषणम् of समिषः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मही (प्रातिपदिक)

• गिरिः: a mountain
• गिरिः: Kartā (उपमान-आधारः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गिरि (प्रातिपदिक)

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• भुज्मा: a strong one; a mighty/firm (one)
• भुज्मा: Kartā (उपमेयः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भुज्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• मघवत्सु: among the bountiful (patrons)/the generous
• मघवत्सु: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: मघवत् (प्रातिपदिक)

• पिन्वते: swells/abounds; is invigorated
• पिन्वते: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पिव्/√पिन् (पिन्व्) ‘to swell, make abound, invigorate’

• यदा: when
• यदा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदा

• ईम्: indeed, just, then
• ईम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ईम्

• सुताः: pressed (Soma-draughts)
• सुताः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √सु ‘to press (Soma)’ → सुत ‘pressed’)

• अमन्दिषुः: they rejoiced/exulted (became exhilarated)
• अमन्दिषुः: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √मन्द् ‘to be glad/intoxicated’ (with preverb a- intensifying/negating? here: a- as augment-like in perfect/aorist formation)

Attribution

Rishi: Ṛgvedic provenance (Indra hymn source)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"raudra","emotional_arc":"From awe at Indra’s arsenal to reassurance in his swelling protective presence.","listener_experience":"Braced, fearless, ready to confront obstacles.","intensity":8}