Sutra 48

Devanagari script

कोशाभावे दण्डः परं गच्छति स्वामिनं वा हन्ति ॥ कZ_०८.१.४८ ॥

Transliteration

kośābhāve daṇḍaḥ paraṃ gacchati svāminaṃ vā hanti.

Translation

وعند غياب الخزانة، ينتقل جهاز الإكراه إلى غيره (ينشقّ) أو قد يقتل حتى حاكمه نفسه.

Word by Word

• कोशाभावे: in the absence of the treasury / when fiscal resources are lacking
• Type: Noun
• Root: कोश + अभाव
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; एकवचन; सप्तमी (अधिकरणे) — 'कोशस्य अभावे'

• दण्डः: punishment / the coercive power (of the state)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; एकवचन; प्रथमा (कर्ता)

• परम्: to an extreme; excessively; beyond proper measure
• Type: Adjective (used adverbially)
• Root: पर
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; द्वितीया — क्रियाविशेषणवत् (‘to an extreme / excessively’)

• गच्छति: goes; proceeds; tends
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम्
• Form: लट्; परस्मैपदम्; प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन

• स्वामिनम्: the master; the ruler
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वामिन्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; एकवचन; द्वितीया (कर्म)

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक अव्यय (disjunctive ‘or’)

• हन्ति: strikes; kills; destroys
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन्
• Form: लट्; परस्मैपदम्; प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन

Entities Mentioned

• kośa (treasury)
• daṇḍa (armed force)
• svāmin (ruler)

More Details

FAQs

What governance risk is highlighted by this sutra?

Fiscal insolvency can translate directly into coercive betrayal: unpaid or unsupplied forces may defect or turn violent against the ruler.