Sutra 2

Devanagari script

दैवं मानुषं वा प्रकृतिव्यसनमनयापनयाभ्यां सम्भवति ॥ कZ_०८.१.०२ ॥

Transliteration

daivaṃ mānuṣaṃ vā prakṛtivyasanamanayāpanayābhyāṃ sambhavati

Translation

قد تكون الكارثة التي تصيب مكوّنات الدولة «دايفا» (غير شخصية/فعل الطبيعة) أو «مانوشا» (من صنع البشر)؛ وهي تنشأ وتُزال بواسطة (أسبابها) والتدابير المضادّة (المناسبة) لكلٍّ منهما.

Word by Word

• दैवम्: divine / due to fate (providential)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा/द्वितीया; विशेषणरूपेण (दैव- ‘दैविकम्’)

• मानुषम्: human / caused by people
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनुष्य
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा/द्वितीया; विशेषणरूपेण (मानुष- ‘मानवजन्यं’)

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्यय (either/or)

• प्रकृतिव्यसनम्: calamity/disaster affecting the prakṛtis (constituent elements of the state)
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्यसन
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा/द्वितीया; समासः प्रकृतेः व्यसनम्

• अनयापनयाभ्याम्: by (the factors of) non-prosperity/decline and loss/deterioration
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनयापनय
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्विवचनार्थे तृतीया-बहुवचनरूपम् (instrumental dual sense expressed by -भ्याम्); समासः अनय + अपनय; करणत्वे प्रयोगः

• सम्भवति: arises / occurs / comes about
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (सम् + भू)
• Form: लट्-लकार, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद; वर्तमानकालः

Entities Mentioned

• prakṛti (state elements/constituents)

More Details

FAQs

Why classify calamities as daiva vs mānuṣa?

Because prevention and response differ: daiva calls for preparedness and relief; mānuṣa calls for deterrence, enforcement, diplomacy, and intelligence.

What does ‘anaya-apanaya’ add conceptually?

A causal model: identify generating conditions and design specific removal/mitigation actions rather than treating crises as mere misfortune.