Sutra 15

Devanagari script

काष्ठलोहमणिमयं रज्जुचर्ममृण्मयं सूत्रवल्करोममयं वा जात्यमित्यजात्यं विक्रयाधानं नयतो मूल्याष्टगुणो दण्डः ॥ कZ_०४.२.१५ ॥

Transliteration

kāṣṭhalohamaṇimayaṃ rajjucarmamṛṇmayaṃ sūtravalkaromamayaṃ vā jātyam ity ajātyaṃ vikrayādhānaṃ nayato mūlyāṣṭaguṇo daṇḍaḥ

Translation

إذا قدّم أحدٌ في البيع أو الرهن غيرَ الأصيل على أنه أصيل (بدرجة معيارية)—سواء كان مصنوعًا من خشب أو معدن أو جواهر أو حبل أو جلد أو طين أو خيط أو لحاء أو صوف—فعليه غرامة قدرها ثمانية أضعاف القيمة.

Word by Word

• काष्ठलोहमणिमयम्: made of wood, metal, or gems
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मय (प्रत्ययान्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा/द्वितीया; विशेषणम् (…मयं = ‘made of …’)

• रज्जुचर्ममृण्मयम्: made of rope, leather, or clay
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मय (प्रत्ययान्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा/द्वितीया; विशेषणम्

• सूत्रवल्करोममयम्: made of thread, bark, or hair/wool
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मय (प्रत्ययान्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा/द्वितीया; विशेषणम्

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: अव्यय; विकल्पार्थक

• जात्यम्: genuine; of proper kind/standard
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जात्य (जाति)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा/द्वितीया; ‘जात्य’ = genuine/standard (of proper kind)

• इति: thus (so called)
• Type: Particle
• Root: इति
• Form: अव्यय; इत्यर्थे/उद्धरण-समाप्तौ

• अजात्यम्: not genuine; spurious; not of proper kind
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अजात्य (नञ्-पूर्वक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा/द्वितीया; ‘अजात्य’ = not genuine/not of proper kind

• विक्रयाधानम्: offering/placing (goods) for sale; sale-deposit/putting up for sale
• Type: Noun
• Root: धा (आ-√धा) / विक्रय + आधान
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा/द्वितीया; ‘विक्रय-आधान’ = sale/placing for sale (offering for sale)

• नयतः: of the carrier/transporter (who conveys it)
• Type: Verb (participle used substantively)
• Root: नी (√नी)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त ‘नयत्’ (carrying/leading) इत्यस्य षष्ठी एकवचन; ‘of the carrier/one who conveys’

• मूल्याष्टगुणः: eight times the value
• Type: Adjective (numeral compound)
• Root: गुण / अष्ट
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा; ‘मूल्यस्य अष्टगुणः’ = eightfold of the value

• दण्डः: penalty; fine
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा; कर्तृ/विधेय

Entities Mentioned

• seller
• pawnbroker/pledgee (implied)
• buyer/pledger

More Details

FAQs

Why does the rule cover both sale and pledge (ādhāna)?

Because misrepresentation harms not only buyers but also credit and collateral markets; the state protects transactional trust in both.

What is the deterrence design here?

A value-multiplier (8×) makes fraud economically irrational even when detection probability is imperfect.