Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 81, Shloka 8

एकाशीति तमः सर्गः

Bharata’s Grief, Courtly Summons, and the Assembly Hall

Devanagari script

इत्येवं भरतं प्रेक्ष्य विलपन्तं विचेतनम्।कृपणं रुरुदुस्सर्वास्सस्वरं योषित स्तदा।। ।।

Transliteration

ity evaṃ bharataṃ prekṣya vilapantaṃ vicetanam |

kṛpaṇaṃ ruruduḥ sarvāḥ sa-svaraṃ yoṣitaḥ tadā ||

Translation

Seeing Bharata lamenting thus and fallen senseless, all the women then cried out together, wailing piteously.

Word by Word

• iti: thus
• iti: Vākyārtha-dyotaka (वाक्यार्थद्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; इति (quotative/closure)

• evam: in this way
• evam: Prakāra (प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: evam (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; प्रकारवाचक (adverb): 'in this way'

• bharatam: Bharata
• bharatam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bharata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), द्वितीया (Acc.), एकवचन (sg.)

• prekṣya: having seen
• prekṣya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra + √īkṣ (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund): 'having seen'

• vilapantam: lamenting
• vilapantam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vi + √lap (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकालिक कृदन्त (present active participle, शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग (m.), द्वितीया (Acc.), एकवचन (sg.); विशेषण to 'bharatam'

• vicetanam: unconscious/senseless
• vicetanam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vi + cetana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), द्वितीया (Acc.), एकवचन (sg.); विशेषण to 'bharatam'

• kṛpaṇam: piteously
• kṛpaṇam: Prakāra (प्रकार)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛpaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), द्वितीया (Acc.), एकवचन (sg.); adverbial accusative in sense 'piteously' or adjective to 'bharatam'

• ruruduḥ: cried
• ruruduḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √rud (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन (pl.)

• sarvāḥ: all
• sarvāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (f.), प्रथमा (Nom.), बहुवचन (pl.); विशेषण to 'yoṣitaḥ'

• sasvaram: aloud/in one voice
• sasvaram: Prakāra (प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sa- (उपसर्ग/सह) + svara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभावसमास; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb): 'with voice/aloud, in one voice'

• yoṣitaḥ: women
• yoṣitaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yoṣit (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (f.), प्रथमा (Nom.), बहुवचन (pl.)

• tadā: then
• tadā: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक (adverb of time)

Context

Thus lamenting, Bharata fainted. Seeing him (in this state) all the women (of the inner apartment) at once cried aloud piteously.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes karuṇā (compassion): the community shares the burden of sorrow, responding to suffering with empathy rather than indifference.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata’s lament culminates in a collapse; the palace women witness it and collectively mourn.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Empathy and solidarity: the women respond as a unified community to Bharata’s distress.