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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 41, Shloka 21

अयोध्यायाः शोकप्रकम्पः

Ayodhya’s Tremor of Grief and Omens

ततस्त्वयोध्या रहिता महात्मनापुरन्दरेणेव मही सपर्वता।चचाल घोरं भयशोकपीडितासनागयोधाश्वगणा ननाद च।।2.41.21।।

tatas tv ayodhyā rahitā mahātmanā purandareṇeva mahī saparvatā | cacāla ghoraṃ bhayaśokapīḍitā sanāgayodhāśvagaṇā nanāda ca || 2.41.21 ||

Then Ayodhya, bereft of the great-souled Rama, was like the earth with its mountains bereft of Indra. Stricken by fear and sorrow, it trembled terribly, resounding with its hosts of elephants, horses, and warriors.

tataḥthereafter
tataḥ:
Kāla/Hetu (काल/हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottataḥ (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable (अव्यय); adverb (ablatival)
tuindeed/but
tu:
Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable (अव्यय); particle
ayodhyāAyodhya
ayodhyā:
Karta (कर्ता) of "cacāla" and "nanāda"
TypeNoun
Rootayodhyā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
rahitābereft (of)
rahitā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of "ayodhyā"
TypeAdjective
Rootrahita (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
mahātmanāby the great-souled one (Rama)
mahātmanā:
Hetu/Karaṇa (हेतु/करण) with "rahitā"
TypeNoun
Rootmahātman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)
purandareṇaby Purandara (Indra)
purandareṇa:
Upamāna (उपमान) in simile
TypeNoun
Rootpurandara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन); epithet of Indra
ivalike
iva:
Upamā-vācaka (उपमा-वाचक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable (अव्यय); simile particle
mahīthe earth
mahī:
Upameya/Upamāna counterpart (उपमेय/उपमान-सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootmahī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
sa-parvatāwith mountains
sa-parvatā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of "mahī"
TypeAdjective
Rootsa (सह/स- उपसर्गवत्) + parvata (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); avyayībhāva: "with mountains"
cacālashook; reeled
cacāla:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√cal (चल्)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); parasmaipada
ghoramterribly
ghoram:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootghora (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); used adverbially (क्रियाविशेषणवत्)
bhaya-śoka-pīḍitāafflicted by fear and sorrow
bhaya-śoka-pīḍitā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of "ayodhyā"
TypeAdjective
Rootbhaya (प्रातिपदिक) + śoka (प्रातिपदिक) + pīḍita (कृदन्त; √pīḍ (पीड्), क्त)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); tatpuruṣa: "afflicted by fear and grief"; pīḍita = PPP (क्त)
sa-nāga-yodha-aśva-gaṇāwith hosts of elephants, warriors, and horses
sa-nāga-yodha-aśva-gaṇā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of "ayodhyā"
TypeAdjective
Rootsa (सह) + nāga (प्रातिपदिक) + yodha (प्रातिपदिक) + aśva (प्रातिपदिक) + gaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); avyayībhāva: "together with groups of elephants, warriors, and horses"
nanādaroared; resounded
nanāda:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√nad (नद्)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); parasmaipada
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable (अव्यय); conjunction

Without magnanimous Rama, Ayodhya thereafter looked like the earth along with its mountains bereft of Indra. Afflicted with fear and sorrow it started shaking dreadfully with the sounds of horses, elephants and warriors.ityārṣē śrīmadrāmāyaṇē vālmīkīya ādikāvyē ayōdhyākāṇḍē ēkacatvāriṅśassargaḥ৷৷Thus ends the fortyfirst sarga of Ayodhyakanda of the holy Ramayana, the first epic composed by sage Valmiki.

A
Ayodhya
R
Rama
I
Indra (Purandara)
E
earth (mahī)
M
mountains (parvata)
E
elephants (nāga)
H
horses (aśva)
W
warriors (yodha)

FAQs

The verse asserts that dharmic leadership is a stabilizing force: without the righteous protector, the polity loses steadiness and confidence, just as mythic order falters without Indra.

The sarga closes by portraying Ayodhya’s condition after Rama’s exile—leaderless in spirit, shaken by fear and grief, and loud with anxious movement of people and animals.

Rama’s mahātmatā (greatness of soul) and his role as a pillar of order—his absence is equated with the loss of a cosmic guardian.