Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 19, Shloka 33

एकोनविंशः सर्गः (Sarga 19): Rāma’s Unshaken Acceptance of Exile and Kaikeyī’s Urgency

Devanagari script

न वनं गन्तुकामस्य त्यजतश्च वसुन्धराम्।सर्वलोकातिगस्येव लक्ष्यते चित्तविक्रिया।।2.19.33।।

Transliteration

na vanaṃ gantukāmasya tyajataś ca vasundharām |

sarvalokātigasyeva lakṣyate cittavikriyā || 2.19.33 ||

Translation

In one resolved to go to the forest and renounce the earth (the kingdom), no disturbance of mind could be seen—as though he had transcended all worldly concerns.

Word by Word

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक अव्यय

• वनम्: forest
• वनम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• गन्तुकामस्य: of one wishing to go
• गन्तुकामस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गन्तुकाम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उपपद-तत्पुरुष/कर्मधारयभाव: गन्तुम् कामः यस्य; पुल्लिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन (qualifies implied ‘Rama’)

• त्यजतः: of (him) abandoning
• त्यजतः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive qualifier)
• Type: Verb
• Root: त्यज् (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमान कृदन्त (शतृ/Present active participle); पुल्लिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन (agreeing with गन्तुकामस्य)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय

• वसुन्धराम्: earth
• वसुन्धराम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वसुन्धरा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• सर्वलोकातिगस्य: of one beyond all worlds
• सर्वलोकातिगस्य: Upamāna-sambandha (उपमान-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व+लोक+अतिग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष समास: सर्वान् लोकान् अतिगः (one who has gone beyond all worlds); पुल्लिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• इव: as if/like
• इव: Upamā (उपमा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमावाचक अव्यय

• लक्ष्यते: is seen/appears
• लक्ष्यते: Kriyā (क्रिया/Main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: लक्ष् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि प्रयोग (passive sense)

• चित्तविक्रिया: change of mind
• चित्तविक्रिया: Karta (कर्ता/Subject of passive appearance)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चित्त+विक्रिया (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष समास (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: चित्तस्य विक्रिया); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Context

Rama was determined to renounce the kingdom and go to the forest. So none could see any change in his mind. (For) he was one beyond all worldly affairs.

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• forest (vana)
• earth/kingdom (vasundharā)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is unwavering commitment to a righteous vow: when duty demands renunciation, the mind remains steady rather than turbulent.

What is the narrative situation?

Rama has accepted the path toward exile; observers find no visible agitation in him despite the magnitude of the change.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Detachment and serenity (vairāgya, śama), indicating mastery over inner impulses.