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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 105, Shloka 39

भरतस्य प्रार्थना—रामस्य कालधर्मोपदेशः

Bharata’s Petition and Rama’s Instruction on Time and Mortality

एते बहुविधा शोका विलापरुदिते तथा।

वर्जनीया हि धीरेण सर्वावस्थासु धीमता।।2.105.39।।

ete bahuvidhāḥ śokā vilāparudite tathā | varjanīyā hi dhīreṇa sarvāvasthāsu dhīmatā || 2.105.39 ||

These many kinds of grief—along with lamentation and weeping—are to be avoided by the steadfast and wise person, in every circumstance.

एतेthese
एते:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम
बहुविधाःmany kinds of
बहुविधाः:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootबहुविध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (शोकाः)
शोकाःgriefs
शोकाः:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootशोक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
विलापरुदितेlamentation and weeping
विलापरुदिते:
अनुयोगी/समुच्चित (co-ordinated item with śokāḥ)
TypeNoun
Rootविलाप + रुदित (प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वन्द्व-समास (विलापश्च रुदितं च); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, द्विवचन (Dual) (epic usage; as 'lamentation and crying')
तथाalso
तथा:
क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb: likewise/also)
वर्जनीयाःshould be avoided
वर्जनीयाः:
विधेय (predicate adjective)
TypeAdjective
Rootवृज्/वर्ज् (धातु) + अनीयर् (कृदन्त)
Formअनीयर्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (gerundive: 'to be avoided'), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विधेय-विशेषणम् (of एते शोकाः)
हिindeed
हि:
निपात (particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निश्चयार्थक-निपात
धीरेणby the steadfast (person)
धीरेण:
करण (Karaṇa/Instrument; agent-instrumental)
TypeNoun
Rootधीर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; कर्तृवाचक (by the steadfast one)
सर्वावस्थासुin all situations
सर्वावस्थासु:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootसर्व + अवस्था (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (सर्वासु अवस्थासु); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, बहुवचन
धीमताby the wise (man)
धीमता:
करण (Karaṇa/Instrument; agent-instrumental)
TypeNoun
Rootधीमत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; कर्तृवाचक (by the wise one)

A wise man, holding on to his fortitude in all circumstances, should avoid such occasions of grief, these words of lamentation and this crying.

FAQs

Dharma demands steadiness: the wise restrain excessive sorrow and lament, maintaining clarity to fulfill duty even amid loss.

Bharata generalizes his counsel into a principle: wise persons avoid indulgence in grief and crying.

Dhairya (fortitude) and dhī (discernment): emotional discipline as a mark of wisdom.